Functional Communication Training (FCT)

Detailed Explanation:

Functional Communication Training is an evidence-based behavioral intervention that teaches alternative, socially appropriate ways to communicate needs or wants, replacing challenging behaviors that served the same function.

FCT identifies the purpose of a behavior (for example, to gain attention or escape a demand) and systematically teaches a functionally equivalent communicative response, often combined with reinforcement strategies and environmental adjustments.

Examples of Functional Communication Training (FCT):

  • A child who screams to gain attention is taught to request “help” or to use a picture card instead, with reinforcement provided for the new behavior.

  • An adult with limited verbal skills learns to use a single-button device to signal a caregiver, reducing episodes of agitation.

  • A student with attention-seeking outbursts is taught to raise a hand and receive brief, scheduled attention, replacing disruptive actions.

Related Terms:

Frequently Asked Questions About Functional Communication Training (FCT):

  1. Who is FCT for?
    FCT is used with individuals who display challenging behaviors that serve communicative functions, including children with developmental disabilities and adults with acquired impairments.

  2. How does FCT work?
    Clinicians assess the behavior’s function, teach an alternative communicative response that serves the same function, and reinforce the new behavior while reducing reinforcement for the old behavior.

  3. Is FCT the same as ABA?
    FCT often uses ABA principles but is specifically focused on teaching functional communication as an alternative to problematic behavior.

  4. How long does FCT take to be effective?
    Timelines vary; some individuals show rapid decreases in challenging behavior once a reliable communicative alternative is taught and reinforced.

  5. Can FCT be combined with AAC?
    Yes, FCT frequently incorporates AAC tools (like picture cards or speech devices) when verbal communication is limited.

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